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Sunday, January 3, 2016

Analysis Quiz 17: Multiple-Choice Test (Improve Logical Thinking and Develop Discerning Patterns Skills)

Question 1: Given a,b,c and d are all positive real numbers such that a+b+c+d=4. Prove that cyclicaa3+8<1225.

Do you think you would need the given equality to prove for the inequality?

A. Yes.
B. No.

Answer:

Of course we need the given equality to prove for the target expression such that it must be less than 1225.

As a matter of fact, we could proceed to find the maximum for that target expression without using a+b+c+d=4, but we most likely would end up with getting to prove it less than or equal to a value much greater than 1225, so that won't help.

Question 2: Given a is a positive real number. What other equivalent you could think of to represent aa3+8?

A. aa3+8=1a2+a8.
B. aa3+8=1a2+8a.
C. aa3+8=a2(a3+4)+a2(a3+4).

Answer:

Note that aa3+8=1a3+8a=1a3a+8a=1a2+8a, therefore B is the correct answer.

Question 3: If we want to mazimize aa3+8 and aa3+8=1a2+8a, what would you do to the expression a2+8a in order to maximize aa3+8

A. Minimize a2+8a.
B. Minimize 1a2+8a.
C. Maximize a2+8a.
D. Maximize 1a2+8a.

Answer:

We know aa3+8=1a2+8a, so in order to maximize aa3+8, i.e. 1a2+8a we have got to minimize a2+8a. Therefore the answer for this question is A.

Question 4: Determine which of the following inequality holds for positive a?

a2+8a42a
a2+8a22a
a2+8a42a
a2+8a632
a2+8a9a23
a2+8a4(8333a)14

Answer:

By using AM-GM inequality, we see that:

a2+8a2a28a222a42a

Also, if we rewrite a2+8a as a2+4a+4a, we would get:

a2+8a=a2+4a+4a33a24a4a331632323232632

Next, if we replace a2+8a by a2+83a+83a+83a, this yields

a2+8a=a2+83a+83a+83a44a283a83a83a448333a

Now, if we rewrite a2+8a as a2+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a, we would end up with:

a2+8a=a2+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a+1a99a21a1a1a1a1a1a1a991a69a699a23

Therefore, one should have checked the last four options as the correct answers.


Question 5: What type of inequality formula would help you to determine the correct answer(s) for question 4?

A. AM-GM inequality.
B. Cauchy–Schwarz inequality
C. Power Mean inequality.
D. Jensen's inequality.

Answer:

We used merely AM-G inequality in our working to look for the correct answers in question 4. Therefore the answer is A.

Question 6: It's well-known from the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality that for all real numbers a,b and c, we have a+b+c3a2+b2+c2.

Do you think a+b+c+d4a2+b2+c2+d2 is also true for all real numbers a,b,c and d?

A. Yes.
B. No.

Answer:

According to the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, if we have four real numbers a,b,c and d, then we have:

a+b+c+d=1(a)+1(b)+1(c)+1(d)12+12+12+12a2+b2+c2+d24a2+b2+c2+d2

Therefore, the answer for this question is a Yes.

Question 7: Which of the answer from question 4 would you have picked to prove the inequality as stated in question 1?

Hint: We want to use the equality a+b+c+d=4 in our solution.

A. a2+8a42a

B. a2+8a632

C. a2+8a9a23

D. a2+8a4(8333a)14

Answer:

We know we must make use of the equality a+b+c+d=4 if we want to find the maximum ofcyclicaa3+8, therefore, we need to rewrite it in such a way that after applying for the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, we would wind up getting with the final expression that has only the sum of a+b+c+d raised to some powers.

It requires us to do some investigation before realizing D is the answer, since:

cyclicaa3+8

=cyclic1a2+8a

=1a2+8a+1b2+8b+1c2+8c+1d2+8d

14(8333a)14+14(8333b)14+14(8333c)14+14(8333d)14

14(38)34(a14+b14+c14+d14)

Therefore, the answer for this question 7 is D.

Question 8: Do you think you can now prove cyclicaa3+849., given a,b,c and d are all positive real numbers such that a+b+c+d=4?

A. Yes.
B. No.

Answer:

When you have went through the previous questions and thought reasonably and logically for each question, then you would be able to prove the required inequality without trouble.

Let's take up where we left off from the previous question:

cyclicaa3+8

14(38)34(a14+b14+c14+d14)

14(38)341+1+1+1a12+b12+c12+d12 (by the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality)

14(38)3441+1+1+1a+b+c+d (again by the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality)

14(38)34244

14(38)344

(38)34

Since 33(254)=10,546,875<(124)(83)=10,016,832, we have (38)34<1225 and therefore we have proved that

cyclicaa3+8(38)34<1225

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